X-SoftM https://axmasoft.com/ About Developing Software Tue, 30 Jul 2024 21:07:46 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.0.2 https://axmasoft.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cropped-work-4166471_640-32x32.png X-SoftM https://axmasoft.com/ 32 32 Top Countries Leading in FHIR Implementation https://axmasoft.com/top-countries-leading-in-fhir-implementation/ Tue, 30 Jul 2024 21:07:43 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=449 The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard, developed by Health Level Seven International (HL7), has revolutionized the way healthcare data is exchanged globally. Its adoption is crucial for achieving seamless interoperability between disparate healthcare systems. This article delves into the...

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The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard, developed by Health Level Seven International (HL7), has revolutionized the way healthcare data is exchanged globally. Its adoption is crucial for achieving seamless interoperability between disparate healthcare systems. This article delves into the top countries leading in FHIR implementation, highlighting their initiatives, achievements, and future prospects.

Understanding FHIR: An Overview

What is FHIR?

FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) is a standard designed to enable the exchange of healthcare information electronically. It leverages modern web technologies and focuses on facilitating interoperability between various healthcare systems. FHIR’s use of RESTful APIs that help building powerful tools like Kodjin for seamless data exchange.

FHIR offers a comprehensive suite of resources that cover a wide range of healthcare data, including patient information, clinical data, administrative data, and financial information. This standard allows developers to create applications that can access and utilize healthcare data efficiently, promoting innovation and improving patient care.

Key Features of FHIR

  • Interoperability: Enhances seamless data exchange across diverse healthcare systems, allowing different systems to work together effectively.
  • Modularity: Consists of discrete resources that can be combined to form comprehensive data models, making it adaptable to various use cases.
  • Scalability: Suitable for small-scale applications as well as large healthcare networks, enabling widespread adoption.
  • Extensibility: Allows for customization while maintaining core standards for interoperability, providing flexibility for different healthcare needs.

United States: Pioneering FHIR Adoption

Regulatory Support

The United States has been at the forefront of FHIR implementation, driven primarily by regulatory support. The 21st Century Cures Act and subsequent regulations from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) have mandated the use of standardized APIs, including those based on FHIR, to enhance interoperability.

These regulations require healthcare providers and IT vendors to adopt FHIR standards to improve patient access to health information and ensure data portability. The ONC’s Cures Act Final Rule specifically emphasizes the use of FHIR-based APIs to support patient access and interoperability.

Key Initiatives

  • Argonaut Project: A private sector initiative that has significantly contributed to the development of FHIR implementation guides. The Argonaut Project focuses on accelerating the adoption of FHIR by developing and testing implementation guides for key use cases, such as patient access and provider directory services.
  • CommonWell Health Alliance: Promotes data sharing across different health IT systems using FHIR standards. CommonWell aims to create a nationwide health data exchange network, leveraging FHIR to ensure seamless interoperability between member organizations.
  • Carequality: A collaborative effort to create a nationwide interoperability framework using FHIR. Carequality connects various health information networks, allowing them to share data securely and efficiently.

Impact on Healthcare

The adoption of FHIR in the U.S. has improved patient access to health information, streamlined data exchange, and fostered innovation in health IT. Major EHR vendors like Epic, Cerner, and Allscripts have integrated FHIR into their platforms, covering approximately 90% of the U.S. healthcare market.

This widespread adoption has led to significant improvements in care coordination, reduced administrative burdens, and enhanced patient engagement. Patients can now access their health records through user-friendly applications, while healthcare providers can share data more efficiently, leading to better clinical outcomes.

United Kingdom: Leading in National Health Interoperability

NHS Digital Initiatives

The National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom has been a leader in FHIR implementation. NHS Digital has adopted FHIR to promote interoperability across its extensive network of healthcare providers.

NHS Digital has developed a comprehensive interoperability strategy that includes the adoption of FHIR standards for various healthcare data exchange scenarios. This strategy aims to create a connected healthcare ecosystem where data can flow seamlessly between different systems and organizations.

Key Projects

  • NHS England’s Interoperability Program: Focuses on creating a standardized framework for data exchange using FHIR. This program includes the development of national interoperability standards and implementation guides, ensuring consistent use of FHIR across the NHS.
  • UK Core Implementation: A set of FHIR profiles tailored to meet the specific needs of the UK healthcare system. These profiles provide guidelines for implementing FHIR in a way that aligns with UK healthcare policies and practices.

Benefits to the Healthcare System

The implementation of FHIR has enhanced the efficiency of healthcare delivery in the UK by enabling better data sharing and coordination among healthcare providers. This has led to improved patient outcomes and streamlined clinical workflows.

By adopting FHIR, the NHS has been able to reduce duplication of efforts, minimize errors, and enhance the overall quality of care. Patients benefit from more coordinated and timely care, while healthcare providers can make more informed decisions based on comprehensive and up-to-date information.

Germany: Embracing FHIR for National Health Infrastructure

Government Support

Germany’s Federal Ministry of Health has actively promoted the use of FHIR to support the country’s digital health strategy. The government has launched several initiatives to integrate FHIR into the national health infrastructure.

These initiatives aim to create a unified and interoperable health information system that facilitates secure and efficient data exchange across the country. The government’s support for FHIR is part of a broader effort to modernize Germany’s healthcare system and enhance the quality of care.

Key Projects

  • gematik: The national agency responsible for the digital infrastructure of the German healthcare system, has adopted FHIR for electronic patient records and other health IT solutions. gematik’s use of FHIR ensures that patient data can be shared seamlessly between different healthcare providers and systems.
  • MIOs (Medical Information Objects): Standardized FHIR-based profiles developed for various clinical domains. MIOs provide guidelines for structuring and exchanging specific types of medical information, such as laboratory results and medication records.

Impact on Healthcare Delivery

Germany’s adoption of FHIR has facilitated the creation of a unified health information system, improving data exchange and patient care. The integration of FHIR into electronic patient records has enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of healthcare delivery.

By leveraging FHIR, Germany has been able to streamline clinical workflows, reduce administrative burdens, and improve the overall patient experience. Healthcare providers can access and share patient information more easily, leading to better coordination of care and improved clinical outcomes.

Australia: Advancing Healthcare with FHIR

National Digital Health Strategy

Australia has made significant strides in FHIR implementation through its National Digital Health Strategy, which aims to create a seamless, digitally enabled healthcare system.

The strategy emphasizes the importance of interoperability and data sharing to improve healthcare delivery and outcomes. By adopting FHIR, Australia aims to create a connected health ecosystem where data can flow seamlessly between different systems and organizations.

Key Initiatives

  • My Health Record: A national electronic health record system that uses FHIR for data exchange. My Health Record allows patients and healthcare providers to access and share health information securely and efficiently.
  • Australian Digital Health Agency (ADHA): Leads the implementation of FHIR standards across the country’s healthcare system. ADHA works with various stakeholders to promote the adoption of FHIR and ensure that it is used consistently across the healthcare sector.

Benefits to Patients and Providers

The adoption of FHIR in Australia has improved the accessibility and interoperability of health information. Patients can access their health records through user-friendly applications, and healthcare providers can share data more efficiently, leading to better care coordination.

By using FHIR, Australia has been able to enhance the quality of care, reduce duplication of efforts, and minimize errors. Patients benefit from more coordinated and timely care, while healthcare providers can make more informed decisions based on comprehensive and up-to-date information.

Canada: Integrating FHIR into National Health Programs

Infoway’s Role

Canada Health Infoway, a not-for-profit organization, has been instrumental in promoting the adoption of FHIR across the country. Infoway’s initiatives focus on enhancing interoperability and improving the digital health landscape.

Infoway works with various stakeholders, including healthcare providers, IT vendors, and government agencies, to promote the use of FHIR and ensure that it is used consistently across the healthcare sector. Infoway’s efforts are part of a broader strategy to modernize Canada’s healthcare system and enhance the quality of care.

Key Projects

  • PrescribeIT: A national e-prescribing service that uses FHIR to facilitate secure electronic prescriptions. PrescribeIT allows healthcare providers to send and receive prescriptions electronically, reducing errors and improving patient safety.
  • FHIR North Conference: An annual event that brings together stakeholders to discuss and advance FHIR implementation in Canada. The conference provides a platform for sharing best practices, lessons learned, and new developments in FHIR.

Impact on the Healthcare System

The implementation of FHIR has enabled Canada to improve the interoperability of its health IT systems, enhancing the quality of care and reducing healthcare costs. FHIR has facilitated better data sharing among healthcare providers, leading to improved patient outcomes.

By adopting FHIR, Canada has been able to create a more connected and efficient healthcare system. Patients benefit from more coordinated and timely care, while healthcare providers can make more informed decisions based on comprehensive and up-to-date information.

New Zealand: Pioneering Digital Health Interoperability

National Health IT Board Initiatives

New Zealand has been a pioneer in adopting FHIR to enhance the interoperability of its healthcare system. The National Health IT Board has implemented several initiatives to promote the use of FHIR.

The board’s initiatives aim to create a connected healthcare ecosystem where data can flow seamlessly between different systems and organizations. By adopting FHIR, New Zealand aims to improve the quality of care, reduce duplication of efforts, and minimize errors.

Key Projects

  • National Health Information Platform (nHIP): Uses FHIR to integrate health data from various sources, providing a comprehensive view of patient information. nHIP allows healthcare providers to access and share patient information securely and efficiently.
  • eHealth Initiatives: Focus on creating interoperable health IT systems using FHIR standards. These initiatives aim to promote the use of FHIR across the healthcare sector, ensuring that data can be shared seamlessly between different systems and organizations.

Benefits to the Healthcare System

The adoption of FHIR in New Zealand has improved the coordination of care and the accessibility of health information. Healthcare providers can access real-time data, enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

By using FHIR, New Zealand has been able to streamline clinical workflows, reduce administrative burdens, and improve the overall patient experience. Patients benefit from more coordinated and timely care, while healthcare providers can make more informed decisions based on comprehensive and up-to-date information.

The Netherlands: Innovating with FHIR

Government and Industry Collaboration

The Netherlands has embraced FHIR through collaborative efforts between the government and the healthcare industry. The Dutch Ministry of Health has supported various initiatives to promote the use of FHIR.

These initiatives aim to create a connected healthcare ecosystem where data can flow seamlessly between different systems and organizations. By adopting FHIR, the Netherlands aims to improve the quality of care, reduce duplication of efforts, and minimize errors.

Key Projects

  • MedMij: A national initiative to create a personal health environment using FHIR standards. MedMij allows patients to access and manage their health information securely and efficiently.
  • FHIR Implementation Guides: Developed to support the standardized use of FHIR across the Dutch healthcare system. These guides provide guidelines for implementing FHIR in a way that aligns with Dutch healthcare policies and practices.

Impact on Healthcare Delivery

The implementation of FHIR has enhanced the interoperability of health IT systems in the Netherlands, improving data sharing and patient care. The use of FHIR in personal health environments has empowered patients to take control of their health information.

By leveraging FHIR, the Netherlands has been able to streamline clinical workflows, reduce administrative burdens, and improve the overall patient experience. Patients benefit from more coordinated and timely care, while healthcare providers can make more informed decisions based on comprehensive and up-to-date information.

Table: Key FHIR Implementation Statistics by Country

CountryMajor InitiativesKey Achievements
United States21st Century Cures Act, Argonaut ProjectOver 90% of EHR vendors integrated with FHIR
United KingdomNHS England’s Interoperability ProgramImproved patient outcomes through better data sharing
Germanygematik, MIOsUnified health information system
AustraliaMy Health Record, ADHAEnhanced accessibility and interoperability of health info
CanadaPrescribeIT, FHIR North ConferenceImproved care quality and reduced healthcare costs
New ZealandnHIP, eHealth InitiativesReal-time data access enhancing clinical decision-making
NetherlandsMedMij, FHIR Implementation GuidesEmpowered patients with control over health information

Conclusion

The global adoption of FHIR has been instrumental in advancing healthcare interoperability, improving patient care, and fostering innovation in health IT. Countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the Netherlands have led the way in implementing FHIR standards, each making significant strides in their healthcare systems. The future of FHIR looks promising, with ongoing efforts to enhance its capabilities and expand its applicability into new domains.

FAQs

1. What is FHIR and why is it important for healthcare interoperability?

FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) is a standard for exchanging healthcare information electronically. It is important for healthcare interoperability because it enables seamless data exchange between different healthcare systems, improving care coordination and patient outcomes.

2. Which countries are leading in FHIR implementation?

Countries leading in FHIR implementation include the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the Netherlands. These countries have made significant strides in adopting FHIR standards to enhance their healthcare systems.

3. How has FHIR adoption impacted patient care?

FHIR adoption has improved patient care by facilitating better data sharing among healthcare providers, enhancing care coordination, and empowering patients with access to their health information through user-friendly applications.

4. What are the main challenges in implementing FHIR?

The main challenges in implementing FHIR include ensuring data security and privacy, achieving consistent implementation across systems, and addressing resource and expertise constraints.

5. What is the future outlook for FHIR in healthcare?

The future outlook for FHIR is promising, with ongoing efforts to enhance interoperability, expand its applicability into new domains, and foster industry collaboration. These efforts will continue to drive the widespread adoption of FHIR and revolutionize healthcare delivery and outcomes.

References

  1. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) – Interoperability: https://www.healthit.gov/topic/interoperability
  2. Health Level Seven International (HL7) – FHIR: https://www.hl7.org/fhir/
  3. Argonaut Project: https://argonautwiki.hl7.org/
  4. CommonWell Health Alliance: https://www.commonwellalliance.org/
  5. Carequality: https://carequality.org/
  6. NHS Digital: https://digital.nhs.uk/
  7. German Federal Ministry of Health: https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/
  8. Australian Digital Health Agency: https://www.digitalhealth.gov.au/
  9. Canada Health Infoway: https://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/en/
  10. National Health IT Board (New Zealand): https://www.health.govt.nz/
  11. MedMij (Netherlands): https://www.medmij.nl/

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FHIR Usage Statistics in EHR Systems https://axmasoft.com/fhir-usage-statistics-in-ehr-systems/ Tue, 30 Jul 2024 14:06:12 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=446 The healthcare industry has been rapidly transforming with the advent of advanced technologies and the growing need for efficient data exchange. Among these advancements, the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard stands out for its pivotal role in enhancing interoperability...

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The healthcare industry has been rapidly transforming with the advent of advanced technologies and the growing need for efficient data exchange. Among these advancements, the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard stands out for its pivotal role in enhancing interoperability among Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. This article delves into the usage statistics of FHIR in EHR systems, examining its adoption trends, benefits, challenges, and future outlook.

Understanding FHIR: An Overview

What is FHIR?

FHIR, developed by Health Level Seven International (HL7), is a standard designed for the electronic exchange of healthcare information. It combines the best features of previous standards with modern web technologies, helping create solutions like Kodjin FHIR Server to facilitate faster and more efficient data exchange. FHIR uses RESTful APIs, making it compatible with a wide range of applications and easy to implement.

Key Features of FHIR

  • Interoperability: Enhances seamless data exchange across diverse healthcare systems.
  • Modularity: Consists of discrete resources that can be combined to form comprehensive data models.
  • Scalability: Suitable for small-scale applications as well as large healthcare networks.
  • Extensibility: Allows for customization while maintaining core standards for interoperability.

FHIR Resources

FHIR resources are the building blocks of the standard. These resources represent different healthcare concepts such as patients, medications, and observations. Each resource is defined by a set of data elements and relationships, making it possible to combine them in various ways to meet specific needs. Examples of FHIR resources include:

  • Patient: Contains demographic and administrative information about an individual receiving care.
  • Observation: Represents measurements and clinical assessments, such as vital signs and lab results.
  • Medication: Includes information about medications prescribed to a patient.
  • AllergyIntolerance: Records details about a patient’s allergies and intolerances.

FHIR Adoption in EHR Systems

Early Adoption and Growth Trends

The initial adoption of FHIR in EHR systems was driven by the need for improved interoperability. Since its introduction in 2011, FHIR has seen exponential growth. By 2016, with the endorsement from the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) through the 21st Century Cures Act, FHIR adoption received a significant boost.

Key Statistics

  • United States: As of 2020, over 80% of healthcare providers in the United States were using EHR systems that incorporated FHIR APIs.
  • Global Adoption: By 2023, the number of FHIR-based API requests in major EHR systems had surpassed 1 billion annually worldwide.
  • EHR Vendors: Major EHR vendors like Epic, Cerner, and Allscripts have integrated FHIR into their platforms, covering approximately 90% of the U.S. healthcare market.

Major Drivers of FHIR Adoption

Regulatory Mandates

Regulatory requirements have been a primary driver of FHIR adoption. The 21st Century Cures Act mandates the use of standardized APIs, including those based on FHIR, to promote interoperability and patient access to health information. The ONC’s final rule, effective as of 2020, further reinforces these mandates, requiring healthcare providers and EHR vendors to implement FHIR-based APIs.

Technological Advancements

The rise of mobile health applications, telehealth, and cloud computing has necessitated efficient and scalable data exchange mechanisms. FHIR’s compatibility with modern web technologies makes it an ideal choice for these applications. The healthcare industry’s shift towards digital health solutions has accelerated the adoption of FHIR, enabling better integration and communication among disparate health IT systems.

Industry Collaboration

Collaborative efforts among healthcare stakeholders have accelerated FHIR adoption. Initiatives like the Argonaut Project and the Da Vinci Project have played crucial roles in developing implementation guides and best practices for FHIR in EHR systems. These collaborations bring together EHR vendors, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders to ensure consistent and effective implementation of FHIR standards.

Benefits of FHIR in EHR Systems

Enhanced Interoperability

FHIR facilitates seamless data exchange across different healthcare systems, improving care coordination and patient outcomes. It allows EHR systems to share data with other health IT systems, public health registries, and patient-facing applications. This interoperability is crucial for delivering integrated care, where multiple healthcare providers work together to manage a patient’s health.

Improved Patient Access

FHIR enables patients to access their health information through user-friendly applications. This enhances patient engagement and empowers individuals to take control of their health. Patients can use mobile apps and patient portals that leverage FHIR APIs to view their medical records, schedule appointments, and communicate with their healthcare providers.

Streamlined Data Integration

FHIR’s modular structure allows for the integration of various data sources, including clinical, administrative, and financial data. This comprehensive view of patient information supports better clinical decision-making. Healthcare providers can access a unified patient record that includes all relevant data, reducing the risk of errors and improving the quality of care.

Cost Efficiency

By leveraging modern web technologies, FHIR reduces the complexity and cost associated with data exchange. Its scalability ensures that it can be implemented in both small practices and large healthcare organizations. FHIR’s use of RESTful APIs simplifies the integration process, reducing the need for custom interfaces and expensive middleware solutions.

Challenges in FHIR Implementation

Data Security and Privacy

While FHIR improves data exchange, ensuring the security and privacy of health information is a significant challenge. Healthcare organizations must implement robust security measures, including encryption, authentication, and access controls, to protect sensitive data. Compliance with regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is essential to safeguard patient information.

Standardization and Compliance

Achieving consistent implementation across different EHR systems can be challenging. Variability in how organizations interpret and implement FHIR can lead to interoperability issues. Efforts are ongoing to establish clear guidelines and best practices to ensure uniformity and compliance. Organizations must adhere to FHIR implementation guides and participate in industry initiatives to promote standardization.

Resource and Expertise Constraints

Implementing FHIR requires investment in technology and skilled personnel. Smaller healthcare providers may face challenges in adopting FHIR due to limited resources and expertise. Training staff and ensuring they have the necessary skills to work with FHIR-based systems is critical for successful implementation. Additionally, ongoing maintenance and support are needed to keep FHIR implementations up to date with evolving standards.

Case Studies: FHIR in Action

Mayo Clinic

The Mayo Clinic has been a leader in leveraging FHIR to enhance patient care. By integrating FHIR into its EHR system, the clinic has improved data sharing among healthcare providers, leading to better coordinated care and enhanced patient outcomes. Their FHIR implementation supports various functions, from appointment scheduling to clinical data exchange. Mayo Clinic’s use of FHIR has also enabled the development of innovative applications that provide personalized health insights to patients.

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland Clinic has successfully implemented FHIR to streamline its data exchange processes. The use of FHIR has enabled the integration of various health IT systems, enhancing clinical workflows and improving patient care. Cleveland Clinic’s FHIR implementation supports real-time data access, allowing healthcare providers to make informed decisions based on up-to-date patient information.

SMART on FHIR

The SMART (Substitutable Medical Applications, Reusable Technologies) on FHIR platform exemplifies the potential of FHIR. It allows developers to create interoperable healthcare applications that can run across different EHR systems. SMART on FHIR has facilitated the development of innovative apps for chronic disease management, clinical decision support, and patient engagement. The platform’s open architecture and use of FHIR standards have accelerated the adoption of digital health solutions that improve patient outcomes.

Global Perspectives on FHIR Usage

United States

In the United States, regulatory mandates and industry initiatives have driven widespread adoption of FHIR. Major EHR vendors have incorporated FHIR into their platforms, and collaborative efforts like the CommonWell Health Alliance and Carequality have further promoted interoperability. The ONC’s regulations and the Medicare and Medicaid Promoting Interoperability Programs have incentivized healthcare providers to adopt FHIR-based solutions, leading to significant improvements in data exchange and patient care.

Europe

In Europe, FHIR adoption varies by country. The European Union’s eHealth Network has endorsed FHIR to promote cross-border health data exchange. Countries like the United Kingdom and Germany have made significant strides in implementing FHIR to enhance healthcare delivery and patient access to data. The UK’s National Health Service (NHS) has been a frontrunner in adopting FHIR, leveraging the standard to improve interoperability and patient care across its extensive healthcare system.

Asia-Pacific

The Asia-Pacific region is also witnessing growing interest in FHIR. Countries such as Australia and New Zealand have incorporated FHIR into their national health information frameworks to enhance interoperability. In India, the government’s National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) is leveraging FHIR to create a unified health information system. These initiatives aim to improve healthcare delivery, reduce costs, and provide patients with better access to their health information.

Future Outlook for FHIR

Enhanced Interoperability

The future of FHIR looks promising, with ongoing efforts to enhance interoperability across healthcare systems. The development of new FHIR versions and resources will further refine its capabilities, enabling more seamless data exchange and integration. Enhanced interoperability will support the creation of integrated care models, where healthcare providers collaborate to deliver comprehensive and coordinated care to patients.

Expansion into New Domains

FHIR’s applicability is expanding beyond traditional healthcare settings. It is being used in public health initiatives, research, and genomics, demonstrating its versatility. The integration of FHIR with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning holds the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery and outcomes. In public health, FHIR is being used to support initiatives such as disease surveillance and outbreak management. In research, FHIR is facilitating data sharing and collaboration among researchers, accelerating the development of new treatments and therapies.

Continued Industry Collaboration

Industry collaboration will remain crucial in driving FHIR adoption. Partnerships between healthcare providers, technology vendors, and regulatory bodies will facilitate the development of innovative solutions and best practices. Collaborative efforts will also address implementation challenges and ensure the widespread adoption of FHIR. Initiatives like the Argonaut Project and the Da Vinci Project will continue to play a vital role in advancing FHIR standards and promoting interoperability across the healthcare ecosystem.

Table: Key FHIR Adoption Statistics

MetricValue
Percentage of U.S. healthcare providers using EHR systems with FHIR APIs80% (as of 2020)
Annual FHIR-based API requests in major EHR systemsOver 1 billion (by 2023)
Market coverage by major EHR vendors using FHIRApproximately 90% of the U.S. market
Number of countries with significant FHIR adoptionOver 20 (including the U.S., UK, Germany, Australia)

Conclusion

The adoption of FHIR in EHR systems has significantly enhanced healthcare interoperability, driven by regulatory mandates, technological advancements, and industry collaboration. Despite challenges related to data security, standardization, and resource constraints, the future of FHIR looks bright. Ongoing efforts to enhance its capabilities and expand its applicability into new domains promise to further revolutionize healthcare delivery and outcomes. FHIR’s role in improving patient access to health information, streamlining data integration, and supporting cost-efficient data exchange will continue to make it a cornerstone of modern healthcare.

FAQs

1. What is FHIR and why is it important for EHR systems?

FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) is a standard for exchanging healthcare information electronically. It is important for EHR systems because it enhances interoperability, enabling seamless data exchange between different healthcare systems and improving patient care.

2. How has FHIR adoption impacted patient care?

FHIR adoption has improved patient care by facilitating better data sharing among healthcare providers, enhancing care coordination, and empowering patients with access to their health information through user-friendly applications.

3. What are the main challenges in implementing FHIR in EHR systems?

The main challenges include ensuring data security and privacy, achieving consistent implementation across systems, and addressing resource and expertise constraints.

4. How has regulatory support influenced FHIR adoption?

Regulatory mandates, such as the 21st Century Cures Act, have significantly influenced FHIR adoption by requiring the use of standardized APIs to promote interoperability and patient access to health information.

5. What is the future outlook for FHIR in healthcare?

The future outlook for FHIR is promising, with ongoing efforts to enhance interoperability, expand its applicability into new domains, and foster industry collaboration. These efforts will continue to drive the widespread adoption of FHIR and revolutionize healthcare delivery and outcomes.

References

  1. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) – Interoperability: https://www.healthit.gov/topic/interoperability
  2. Health Level Seven International (HL7) – FHIR: https://www.hl7.org/fhir/
  3. Argonaut Project: https://argonautwiki.hl7.org/
  4. CommonWell Health Alliance: https://www.commonwellalliance.org/
  5. Carequality: https://carequality.org/

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How can a phone call be tracked? https://axmasoft.com/how-can-a-phone-call-be-tracked/ Thu, 12 Jan 2023 11:19:10 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=403 There are many reasons you might wish to learn how to trace a phone conversation, whether they are for personal or professional purposes. But what does this actually entail? We’ll talk about what call tracking entails and how to track...

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There are many reasons you might wish to learn how to trace a phone conversation, whether they are for personal or professional purposes. But what does this actually entail? We’ll talk about what call tracking entails and how to track calls for company improvement.

Call tracking – what is it?

Caller ID’s basic capabilities are surpassed by call tracking. With the use of this technology, you can learn detailed information about each customer who calls your company, including how they obtained your number in the first place.

Call tracking comes in two flavors: business and personal. For the sake of this blog article, we’ll concentrate on how companies might use call tracking to enhance their marketing and sales plans.

What does business call tracking entail, then? The ability to link incoming calls with adverts and marketing efforts is call tracking’s key draw. Knowing precisely which ad or campaign sparked a call is crucial since it enables organizations to better focus on developing lead generation and lead conversion strategies.

Call monitoring not only identifies the origin of a call but also assists organizations in better understanding who their clients are. You may learn more about your consumers and how they interact with your company by keeping note of each caller’s name, location, and even the device they used to call.

A call tracking service to use

You’ll need to first spend money on a call monitoring service in order to trace phone calls. Before conducting business with one of the various call tracking service providers available, it’s crucial to know the services you’re searching for.

Some essential characteristics include:

Inserting numbers dynamically

The foundation of call tracking is dynamic number insertion. This function automatically switches out phone numbers from your own pool so you may link incoming calls to particular sources. You may track the origin of incoming calls, such as a particular commercial or marketing campaign, by dynamically switching phone numbers. Making future business decisions is easier when you are aware of who your customers are and which sources are most successful at generating calls.

Attribution across channels

It’s fantastic to be able to use call tracking to identify the source of a phone call, but it’s much better to be able to follow your customer’s path all the way to the call. With multi-channel attribution, you can see every interaction that resulted in a call, including the campaign that brought the caller to your website, the pages they visited, and the final action they performed before dialing your number.

Call logging

The recording of phone calls is crucial for quality control. Without recording the calls, how can you tell how successfully your staff answers client inquiries? The advantages of call recording will be covered in more detail later on in this post.

Integrations

Call tracking should complement your current analytics platform rather than replace it. Make sure your call tracking software can interact with applications you frequently use, including HubSpot, Kissmetrics, Google Ads (formerly AdWords), and Analytics. These are the integrations for Call tracking.

User-friendliness

Learning how to use your call tracking service shouldn’t be another bothersome task on your to-do list because you already have plenty to worry about. The user interface for your call tracking service should be clear, simple to use, and intuitive. Additionally, it should provide exceptional customer service to assist you when necessary.

How to configure call logging

It’s time to set up call tracking for your company once you’ve located a reliable call tracking supplier. Your company ought to make this procedure as simple and quick as the rest.

Getting started with Call tracking is straightforward. Activate your number, set up call recording, create an account, and create your first tracking number. When you utilize this number for particular sources, you’ll be able to see the associated data. How simple was that? You can pick from among thousands of local and toll-free numbers that we offer.

We also recognize how crucial it is to maintain your current phone number. Because of this, we make it simple to migrate your current number (or numbers) into Call tracking so you can start monitoring calls right away without harming your brand.

How to find a call’s history

Your call tracking service will do all the labor-intensive work for you after call tracking is configured. With Call tracking, you can successfully track phone calls since you can see all the crucial information about your incoming calls right in your Call tracking dashboard.

You may view calls and the associated data in real time using the dashboard. You’ll find crucial details like the caller’s identity, the tracking number they phoned, the call’s origin, their phone number and location, and any PPC keywords they may have used to find your company online. Then, for in-depth analysis, you can export reports directly from your dashboard or integrate your call tracking data with Google Analytics and Ads.

Since the information about your callers is shown in real time, you can use it to increase conversions by speeding up lead response times. Additionally, you can use this knowledge to more effectively improve your company as a whole.

The advantages of call tracking

Call monitoring offers advantages beyond merely letting you know who is phoning your company. You can benefit from call tracking by:

Increasing your marketing ROI

With call tracking, you can track the effectiveness of your campaigns and gain insight into which ones are working the best, allowing you to adjust your marketing plan for a higher return on investment.

Boost the customer service abilities of your workforce

Call recording is a common feature offered by call tracking companies. This implies that you can listen to recorded customer and employee discussions to spot areas for development.

Learn about your customers.

You can gain a deeper understanding of your core customer’s needs, wants, and behavior by listening to call recordings. You may leverage very valuable information you have about your customers and how they interact with you to increase conversions and customer happiness.

Summary

Call tracking is tremendously beneficial for companies trying to figure out exactly who their customers are. Businesses who employ call tracking have a huge advantage over their rivals because they can gain in-depth knowledge about caller demographics and behavior, which can eventually help them generate more leads and close more sales.

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Software evolution https://axmasoft.com/software-evolution/ Thu, 19 May 2022 09:02:00 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=115 The process of developing a software product using software development principles and methods is called software evolution.

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Software evolution

The process of developing a software product using software development principles and methods is called software evolution. This involves initial software development, maintenance, and upgrades until the desired software product is developed that meets the expected requirements.

Evolution begins with the requirements gathering process. Developers then create a prototype of the intended software and show it to users to get their feedback early in the software product development process. Users suggest changes, on which several successive updates and maintenance also continue to change. This process changes to the original software until the desired software is done.

Even after the user has received the desired software, advanced technology and changing requirements force the software product to change accordingly. It is not possible to rebuild the software from scratch and go head-to-head with the requirement. The only possible and cost-effective solution is to upgrade existing software to meet the latest requirements.

Software Evolution Laws
Lehman gave laws for software evolution. He divided software into three categories:

  • S-type (static type), which is software that works strictly according to certain specifications and solutions. The solution and how to achieve it is immediately understood before coding. S-type software is least susceptible to change, so it is the easiest of all. For example, a calculator program for mathematical calculations.
  • P-type (practical type) is software with a set of procedures. This is defined by exactly what procedures can do. In this software, the specifications may be described, but the solution is not immediately obvious. For example, game software.
  • Electronic type (embedded) – this software is closely related to the requirements of the real environment. This software has a high degree of evolution, as various changes in laws, taxes, etc. occur in real situations. D. For example, online trading software.

Evolution of E-Type software.
Lehman gave eight laws for the evolution of E-Type software:

  • Continued change. An electronic-type software system must continue to adapt to changes in the real world, or it becomes less and less useful.
  • Increasing complexity. As an E-Type software system evolves, its complexity increases unless work is done to maintain or reduce it.
  • Retention of familiarity – familiarity with the software or knowledge of how it was developed, why it was developed that way, etc. etc., Must be retained at all costs to implement changes in the system.
  • Continued growth. For an E-type system to be designed to solve a business problem, its size to implement changes increases in line with changes in the way the business lives.
  • Decreasing quality. An E-type software system degrades quality if it is not carefully maintained and adapted to a changing operating environment.
  • Feedback systems. E-type software systems are multi-loop, multi-level feedback systems and must be treated as such in order to be successfully modified or improved.
  • Self-regulation – E-type system evolutionary processes are self-regulating with product and measure distributions that are close to normal.
  • Organizational Stability . The average effective global level of activity in an evolving E-type system does not change over the lifetime of the product.

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Examples of software on a PC https://axmasoft.com/examples-of-software-on-a-pc/ Sat, 02 Apr 2022 09:32:00 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=136 Any user is familiar with the MS Office package - a text editor, a spreadsheet utility, or a presentation utility.
Many people use web browsers to access the Internet.

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Examples of software on a PC

Any user is familiar with the MS Office package – a text editor, a spreadsheet utility, or a presentation utility.
Many people use web browsers to access the Internet.

The use of other programs depends on the occupation of the computer owner – archivers for compressing file sizes and controlling archives, database management systems, dispatchers – they help move, copy and delete different documents.

An important place is taken by e-mail clients for creating and sending letters, as well as by Skype for forming video conferences and calls.

Software and its classification: what are the main types?
Any software is divided according to the attributes of functionality and characteristics, licensing of use, as well as into varieties according to the grouped skills of the technique. The purpose of each of them is to fulfill the tasks and observe the interests of the person using the PC.

By mode of operation.
First, it is necessary to determine how many people will use the computer. It is then divided into groups. The software can be:

Individual – only one user who owns a login and password will use it.
Group – several people or a group of people in a company have access to it.
Networked – the software is available to everyone who has been given a copy of it over the network.

By scale
The scale depends on the set of functions and resources the system will consume. It is a small utility to work with charts or a voluminous database, as well as many other elements. It comes in:

small;
medium;
large.

By stability
Stable are those elements of software that can correctly perform their functions without failures during long-term use. They do not require improvement and cope with the expected amount of load.

Unstable is considered to be the equipment that has recently entered the market and there are no guarantees of its uninterrupted operation in the long run. But sometimes this is the only software that suits the client’s tasks.

They divide it into 3 classes:
stable – changes are unlikely to be made;
medium stability – changes are made discreetly;
unstable – constant changes.

Types of programs

By function
Functionality can be narrow or broad depending on the goals the client sets for the programs. Any software can be divided into several types:
Machine logic. Its task is to process the software and provide it in the form of a conscious program code with definite properties and structure.
Interface. Its functionality is processing and processing of the binary system into a user-understandable. With its help it is possible to create a favorable environment “human-computer”.
Hardware-mechanical. This software should conjugate different parts of the PC to transfer signals between components.
Information-command. Creates the logistics structure and sends it out for execution.
Applied. Performs logical, mathematical, physical, and other actions on the data. Their function is to process the array in such a way that it solves the purpose

On the demand of protection.
For many large companies, security plays a big role. They have no right to allow information to leak, because it threatens the loss of profits or reputation. For this reason they choose the most effective anti-viruses, the data is encrypted and not everyone has access.

On Demand of Reliability
Even small firms can not afford to buy or install free software of dubious content. Even the uniqueness of the functionality will not justify the use of such software.

Programs come in:
reliable;
questionable.

According to the required performance characteristics
Any software is required to perform a certain range of actions. They must be:
Flexible and reconfigurable or unchangeable – depending on the needs of the future owner, the system may need to be adjusted to the requirements.
Universal – suitable for a wide range of diverse tasks.
Complete – fully executing the algorithm, no other utilities are required after the completion of the cycle.
In any business processes it’s important to work fast without sacrificing quality
The mobile solution from Cleverence accelerates the carrying out of
of inventory and revaluation of items in the store, eliminating human factor errors

By Source Language

The way the program is written also affects its functionality.

There are:
Machine-oriented – programming that is perceived by computer hardware.
Machine-oriented – reflect the structure and operation of a particular PC.
Algorithmic – operate independently of the architecture of the technology, form the effectiveness of a particular algorithm (Basic, Pascal, etc.).
Procedures-oriented – look like a set of procedures and subprograms.
Integrated – systems embedded in basic elements of work.
Problem-oriented – aimed at solving a problem of a particular class.
Each of them transforms the source code depending on what the next steps will be.

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Software product https://axmasoft.com/software-product/ Sun, 27 Mar 2022 09:15:00 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=122 By software product (SP) we mean software as a result of human activity, exhibited in the market of mass buyer as a commodity and having a non-zero use value.

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Software product

By software product (SP) we mean software as a result of human activity, exhibited in the market of mass buyer as a commodity and having a non-zero use value.

It is very important to distinguish between the replicated software product and the project software. Circulation PP is produced so that it can be used in many places by different users. Therefore, it has no customers, and the decision to begin development is based on anticipated market demand. Word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, electronic dictionaries, spelling correctors, russifiers, translators, optical character recognition software are all examples of batch PP. All over the world millions of people use them.

The project software is created for one, rarely – for several users or is developed as a part of technology that can be sold to another organization to be used as a part of the hardware and software complex. For example, part of the ParaGraph International team working on character recognition problems works in this direction. Having no more than a dozen potential customers, nevertheless, this firm is a giant in its field.

Thus, if a project usually has one or more users, the question of continuing development is not so acute, and the competition is for the right to lead the development. On the contrary, a mass-produced software product is intended for hundreds of thousands of potential users, and competition with other products of the same class is inevitable when it appears on the market. At the moment when the decision to start development is made, the firm takes a significant financial risk. At the same time, the manufacturer should clearly realize that the release of one version will not be the end, since the life cycle of a PP implies its improvement.

Another important difference between a PP and many other goods is that a single copy of a software product has a small cost. This property, unique to the manufacturer, allows the introduction of new forms of interaction with the client after the first sale of a software product. We mean upgrade, that is the right to update the PP on the same, but new, improved version for a small fee. The concept of upgrade allows the user to consider different versions of PP as one PP, while for the manufacturer of different versions sometimes serve as different projects and, accordingly, completely different products.

All programs by the nature of use and categories of users can be divided into two classes:

  • Utility programs (“programs for themselves”) are designed to meet the needs of their developers. Most often utility programs perform the role of a service in the technology of data processing or are programs for solving functional tasks not intended for wide distribution;
  • software products (“products”) are designed to meet the needs of users, wide distribution and sale.

Nowadays there are variants of legal distribution of software products, which appeared with the use of global or regional telecommunications:

  • freeware – free software, freely distributed, maintained by the user himself, who is authorized to make the necessary changes;
  • shareware – non-commercial (shareware) programs which can be used free of charge as a rule (if such products are used regularly, the user pays a certain amount of money).

The software product should be properly prepared for exploitation, have the necessary technical documentation, provide service and a guarantee of reliable operation of the program, have the manufacturer’s trademark and preferably have the state registration code. Only under these conditions the created software package can be called a software product.

Software product is a set of interconnected programs to solve a particular problem (task) of mass demand, prepared for implementation as any kind of industrial products.

The way from “programs for yourself” to software products is long enough, it is connected with changes of technical and software environment of development and operation of programs, with emergence and development of independent industry – information business, which is characterized by division of labor of firms – software developers, their further specialization, formation of the market of software tools and information services.

Software products can be created as:

  • individual development to order;
  • development for mass distribution to users.
    In the case of individual development firm-developer creates an original software product that takes into account the specifics of data processing for a particular customer.

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Stages of program development https://axmasoft.com/stages-of-program-development/ Fri, 11 Feb 2022 09:40:00 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=143 At this stage there is a detailed description of the initial data, the requirements to the result are formulated, all possible behavior of the program in special cases are considered

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Stages of program development

Specification (definition of requirements to the program):
At this stage there is a detailed description of the initial data, the requirements to the result are formulated, all possible behavior of the program in special cases are considered (for example, if you entered incorrect data), the dialog windows are developed, which provide the interaction of the user and the program itself.

The development of the algorithm:
At this stage, the programmer determines the sequence of necessary actions, which subsequently must be performed to obtain the desired result.

If there is a situation where the task can be solved in several ways, then of course there are many different variants of the solution algorithm. Then the program developer by some not unimportant criterion (for example, the speed of solving the algorithm) makes a choice of the more appropriate solution.

The result of this stage of program development is a detailed verbal description of the program algorithm, or algorithm flowchart. You can learn more about how to develop an algorithm for any program by studying this article.

Coding:
After the specification and drawing up an algorithm for the solution, the algorithm used will eventually be written in the required programming language (Pascal, Delphi, C++, etc.). The result of the coding stage is the finished program.

Stages of program development. Debugging:
At this stage, the programmer is engaged in debugging the program, that is, looking for and eliminating errors. The latter are divided into two groups: algorithmic and syntactic (errors in the source program text). Syntax errors are the easiest to remove from these two groups, while algorithmic errors are difficult to find.

The debugging stage is considered to be finished only when the source program works correctly and correctly at one or two sets of primary data. What is the compilation of any program and what are the main tasks it performs, you will learn by reading this article.

Testing:
Program testing is very important because in most cases programmers create programs not for personal use, but for others to use their program. During the testing phase, the developer tests the behavior of the program against a large number of sets of input data, both correct and specially selected incorrect ones.

The creation of a reference system:
If a programmer develops a program for others to use later, the programmer needs to develop a help system and establish easy, quick access to that help system for the user when working with the program. Modern programs have help information in the form of CHM or HLP files.

In addition to the help information the help system contains the necessary instructions for installing the program. Usually they are presented as a Readme file in different formats: *.doc, *.txt, *.htm. The step of program development will be described in more detail later.

Stages of program development

Creation of installation disk (CD-ROM):
Developers create an installation disk (CD-ROM) so that users can independently, without the help of a programmer, install this program on their PC.

Typically, in addition to the program itself the installation CD-ROM has help files and instructions for installing the program. It is necessary to notice that the majority of the modern programs, including the programs developed in the environment of Delphi, in many cases, even by simple copying of files cannot be installed on the computer of the user because for correct work of these programs presence of special libraries is necessary and also components which can absent on PC of the concrete user.

For this purpose, a special program recorded on the CD-ROM should install the program on the user’s PC. Usually the installation program creates a separate folder for the program to be installed, then copies the files into this folder, and if necessary configures the operating system by making additions and changes in the registry.

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8 things you need to know before writing code for mobile apps https://axmasoft.com/8-things-you-need-to-know/ Sun, 09 Jan 2022 08:40:00 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=108 Before writing code or developing an application, there are several factors to consider, including the following

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8 things you need to know before writing code for mobile apps

Before writing code or developing an application, there are several factors to consider, including the following:

  1. assess and research the app market
    Comprehensive market research is the initial step in developing code for an application. You should be familiar with current market offerings and use this information to determine the niche market that your app will fill. Your mobile app code should aim to provide a new and complete solution to the problem you are solving.
  2. define your presentation and the audience you want to reach
    Can you explain what the purpose of your app is? For novice coders, this is usually the most difficult step. It’s not easy to condense all of your ideas into one or two phrases with a clear purpose, but it’s also one of the most important tasks in making your app a success. Before you write code for app development, take a few minutes to clarify:

What will be the main functions of the app?
Can you describe the problems your software solves?
Who are the likely users of the app?
What business goals will you be able to achieve?

  1. Choosing between a native or hybrid approach to app coding
    When you’re learning how to write the best code for application development, there are several technical considerations to keep in mind early on, one of which is critical. Choosing between a native or hybrid application has many implications for future development and maintenance. Below are the key differences between native and hybrid:

Programming languages. Android apps are written in Java or Kotlin, while iOS apps are written in Swift.
Native device APIs. This will be determined by the functions of the device you want to use in your app.
Distribution method. This will significantly affect how you market your app and apply marketing tactics.

  1. Make sure you are aware of your monetization options.
    The app can serve you for a variety of purposes. One obvious example is direct revenue generation, but others can be as simple as providing resources to your customers. If you want to generate money directly from your app, you should explore the following app monetization options:

Free apps. You can download these apps for free, but some features remain blocked until you pay a certain fee.
Paid or premium apps. These apps must be purchased from the store. Because of the high cost of the model, a mobile marketing strategy is necessary to demonstrate the greater value of the app compared to free apps.
In-app purchases. The app can be free or paid, but the developer offers digital or physical products that users can buy in the app.
Subscriptions. These are similar to freemium apps, but have the added benefit of a constant source of income.

  1. Create a marketing plan before launching your app.
    Planning for advertising and growing your app, including branding, pre-launch work, reach and overall web presence, is one of the most important factors in its success. If you start creating buzz about your app before it hits the app stores, your efforts will pay off in the long run.
  2. Know what resources you have
    Ideally, you’ll be able to publish a launch date ahead of time to generate excitement and create anticipation for the app. You need to be aware of the growth period in front of you to make this happen. This can help you in successfully managing the entire project and assigning appropriate due dates for the various planning and development phases, such as:

Describing the use cases for the application
Functionality mapping
Creating a minimum viable product (MVP)
Wireframing
Selecting a programming language and platform
Application design and coding
Analytics for mobile apps and testing

  1. Make sure that security measures are in place
    Finally, if your app collects sensitive information from users, you must provide a privacy policy, and that policy must specify what information is collected and how it will be used. Many app developers are so busy with their own applications that they overlook important security aspects. However, every time you create an app or start a new app project, security is critical.

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Why do I need to design a program and follow the stages of development? https://axmasoft.com/why-do-i-need-to-design/ Tue, 21 Dec 2021 09:24:00 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=129 You may ask why you need to follow any of the steps, because program development is just sitting down and writing code.

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Why do I need to design a program and follow the stages of development?

You may ask why you need to follow any of the steps, because program development is just sitting down and writing code. However it is not so, with such an approach it is impossible to create a normal application.

Depending on the size of the program projects the development stages can vary, in some cases these stages will be very detailed and bureaucratic, and in some cases they will be simply formulated in any form convenient for developers.

So, for example, when building a shed at your dacha you will not plan, examine, inspect anything in detail, but in the case of, say, with the construction of a power plant everything will be planned in great detail, designed, the mode of workers will be painted by the minute, because the cost of error at any stage will be much higher than in the case of construction of a simple shed.

Similarly, in software development, if the project is large and very important, which may affect the lives of people or associated with huge financial risks, all stages of software development will be observed, ie worked out in detail and even add new steps, microstages and so on.

All this is done to prevent the appearance of errors and to implement the product that is really needed.

The earlier errors are detected, or the wrong approach is identified in the implementation of a particular action, the lower the cost of these errors will be. In other words, depending on the stage of error detection its price can vary from 10 to 100 times. For example, if at the initial stage the price of error correction will be 100 rubles, at the stage of testing it might reach 10 000. That is why the stages of software development are very important and a developer should follow them and try to convey this vision to the managers who always want only the result. Since they either allocate too little time for this or do not consider it necessary at all, for example, why should you work out some requirements or design something there when programming.

The main stages of software development
Here are the stages which in most cases must be followed in software development:

Stage 1 – Identifying the problem
Stage 2 – Elaboration of the requirements
Stage 3 – Creating a development plan
Stage 4 – Development of the system architecture or high level design
Stage 5 – Detailed design
Step 6 – Coding and debugging
Phase 7 – Component Testing
Phase 8 – Integration of components
Phase 9 – Test the entire system
Stage 10 – Maintenance, Modification, Optimization

This might sound like a complicated plan to some, but if you’re working on a big project, you’ll come across it all, and even a more detailed plan.

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Programs and development tools for android applications https://axmasoft.com/programs-and-development-tools/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 08:25:00 +0000 https://axmasoft.com/?p=105 To create a serious banking program or a mobile cab ordering service, you need knowledge of programming languages and development tools.

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Programs and development tools for android applications

To create a serious banking program or a mobile cab ordering service, you need knowledge of programming languages and development tools. To create a simple mobile application, you only need development tools and the desire to develop.

All you need is to learn how to use the standard templates built into the software. Let’s break down in detail what specific tools and programs we need to do this.

The development environment is the program in which applications are created. The closest analogy is a shipyard, where ships are built, repaired and modernized. The most popular development environments for mobile are Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA and the Android Studio (AS) based on it. The latter was purchased by Google in 2005 and became the official development environment for android. So we chose Android Studio as the main one and will continue to talk about it.

Java development kit is a set of tools that greatly simplify the process of creating an application and greatly extends the capabilities of the development environment. Simple projects can be created without it.

The Java development kit includes:

Template libraries – these are used to assemble application blocks;
interpreter – translates code into machine-understandable signals;
debugger – eliminates errors in the code;
instructions and user manuals – help to understand the technological details;
utilities – small auxiliary programs.

Test device – this can be a phone or any android gadget: a tablet, watch, TV, vacuum cleaner or even a refrigerator. If you don’t have anything like that at hand and the equipment in your house is not “smart”, it’s okay: AS has a built-in emulator that allows you to test the created project directly in the program. You can also use other free emulators to run android applications: Bluestacks 3, Andy, Genymotion, etc.

Mobile development software is free, freely distributed and available on official websites. This means that you will not incur any additional costs when learning.

Components of android apps
Any mobile application, like a sandwich, consists of several layers. Just like in a real sandwich – the component layers have different compositions and do not mix with each other.

This architecture is necessary for the Android system to clearly understand which file in the application structure to refer to, depending on the event that has occurred in its field. If the phone runs out of power during a game, the system understands “aha, that’s for the receivers”; if we decide to listen to an audiobook in the subway, that’s for the services.

There are four main elements of the mobile android applications:

Activity, activity – everything that the user clicks on and directly interacts with: sliders, buttons, all sorts of notification boxes and any available interfaces.
Broadcast receivers – these are reactions to system events: loss of connection, network recovery, low battery, system upgrade notifications, etc.
Services, service – components that run in the background, out of the user’s sight. They perform tasks that last longer than clicking a button or swiping to flip through a feed. This includes playing video and music or launching one application through the interface of another.
Sync adapters, sync adapters – synchronize your device’s data with various cloud services. This includes synchronizing your contacts and calendar with your account storage.

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